Keluaran 6:6

6:6 Therefore, tell the Israelites, ‘I am the Lord. I will bring you out ¹  from your enslavement to ²  the Egyptians, I will rescue you from the hard labor they impose, ³  and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments.

Amsal 23:11

23:11 for their Protector ⁴  is strong;

he will plead their case against you. ⁵ 

Yesaya 41:14

41:14 Don’t be afraid, despised insignificant Jacob, ⁶ 

men of ⁷  Israel.

I am helping you,” says the Lord,

your protector, ⁸  the Holy One of Israel. ⁹ 

Yesaya 43:14

The Lord Will Do Something New

43:14 This is what the Lord says,

your protector, ¹⁰  the Holy One of Israel: ¹¹ 

“For your sake I send to Babylon

and make them all fugitives, ¹² 

turning the Babylonians’ joyful shouts into mourning songs. ¹³ 

Yesaya 44:6

The Absurdity of Idolatry

44:6 This is what the Lord, Israel’s king, says,

their protector, ¹⁴  the Lord who commands armies:

“I am the first and I am the last,

there is no God but me.

Yesaya 44:23-24

44:23 Shout for joy, O sky, for the Lord intervenes; ¹⁵ 

shout out, you subterranean regions ¹⁶  of the earth.

O mountains, give a joyful shout;

you too, O forest and all your trees! ¹⁷ 

For the Lord protects ¹⁸  Jacob;

he reveals his splendor through Israel. ¹⁹ 

The Lord Empowers Cyrus

44:24 This is what the Lord, your protector, ²⁰  says,

the one who formed you in the womb:

“I am the Lord, who made everything,

who alone stretched out the sky,

who fashioned the earth all by myself, ²¹ 

Yesaya 47:4

47:4 says our protector –

the Lord who commands armies is his name,

the Holy One of Israel. ²² 

Yesaya 54:5

54:5 For your husband is the one who made you –

the Lord who commands armies is his name.

He is your protector, ²³  the Holy One of Israel. ²⁴ 

He is called “God of the entire earth.”

Mikha 4:10

4:10 Twist and strain, ²⁵  Daughter Zion, as if you were in labor!

For you will leave the city

and live in the open field.

You will go to Babylon,

but there you will be rescued.

There the Lord will deliver ²⁶  you

from the power ²⁷  of your enemies.

Wahyu 18:8

18:8 For this reason, she will experience her plagues ²⁸  in a single day: disease, ²⁹  mourning, ³⁰  and famine, and she will be burned down ³¹  with fire, because the Lord God who judges her is powerful!”

[6:6]  ¹ sn The verb וְהוֹצֵאתִי (vÿhotse’ti) is a perfect tense with the vav (ו) consecutive, and so it receives a future translation – part of God’s promises. The word will be used later to begin the Decalogue and other covenant passages – “I am Yahweh who brought you out….”

[6:6]  ² tn Heb “from under the burdens of” (so KJV, NASB); NIV “from under the yoke of.”

[6:6]  ³ tn Heb “from labor of them.” The antecedent of the pronoun is the Egyptians who have imposed slave labor on the Hebrews.

[23:11]  ⁴ tn The participle גֹּאֵל (go’el) describes a “kinsman redeemer.” Some English versions explicitly cite “God” (e.g., NCV, CEV) or “the Lord” (e.g. TEV).

[23:11]  sn The Hebrew term describes a “kinsman-redeemer.” That individual would be a rich or powerful relative who can protect the family; he does this by paying off the debts of a poor relative, buying up the property of a relative who sells himself into slavery, marrying the widow of a deceased relative to keep the inheritance in the family, or taking vengeance on someone who harms a relative, that vengeance often resulting in delivering (“redeeming”) the relative from bondage. If there was no human “kinsman redeemer,” then the defenseless had to rely on God to perform these actions (e.g., Gen 48:16; Exod 6:6; Job 19:25; Isa 41–63). In the prophetic literature God is presented as the Redeemer in that he takes vengeance on the enemies (the Babylonians) to deliverer his people (kin). In this proverb the Lord is probably the Protector of these people who will champion their cause and set things right.

[23:11]  ⁵ sn This is the tenth saying; once again there is a warning not to encroach on other people’s rights and property, especially the defenseless (see v. 10; 22:22-23, 28).

[41:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “O worm Jacob” (NAB, NIV). The worm metaphor suggests that Jacob is insignificant and despised.

[41:14]  ⁷ tn On the basis of the parallelism (note “worm”) and an alleged Akkadian cognate, some read “louse” or “weevil.” Cf. NAB “O maggot Israel”; NRSV “you insect Israel.”

[41:14]  ⁸ tn Heb “your kinsman redeemer.” A גָּאַל (ga’al, “kinsman redeemer”) was a protector of the extended family’s interests.

[41:14]  ⁹ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[43:14]  ¹⁰ tn Or “kinsman redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[43:14]  ¹¹ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[43:14]  ¹² tn Heb “and I bring down [as] fugitives all of them.”

[43:14]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “as for the Babylonians, in ships their joyful shout.” This might be paraphrased, “even the Babylonians in the ships [over which] they joyfully shouted.” The point would be that the Lord caused the Babylonians to flee for safety in the ships in which they took such great pride. A slight change in vocalization yields the reading “into mourning songs,” which provides a good contrast with “joyful shout.” The prefixed bet (בְּ) would indicate identity.

[44:6]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “his kinsman redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[44:23]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “acts”; NASB, NRSV “has done it”; NLT “has done this wondrous thing.”

[44:23]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “lower regions.” This refers to Sheol and forms a merism with “sky” in the previous line. See Pss 63:9; 71:20.

[44:23]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “O forest and all the trees in it”; NASB, NRSV “and every tree in it.”

[44:23]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “redeems.” See the note at 41:14.

[44:23]  ¹⁹ tn That is, by delivering Israel. Cf. NCV “showed his glory when he saved Israel”; TEV “has shown his greatness by saving his people Israel.”

[44:24]  ²⁰ tn Heb “your redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[44:24]  ²¹ tn The consonantal text (Kethib) has “Who [was] with me?” The marginal reading (Qere) is “from with me,” i.e., “by myself.” See BDB 87 s.v. II אֵת 4.c.

[47:4]  ²² tc The Hebrew text reads, “Our redeemer – the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] is his name, the Holy One of Israel.” The ancient Greek version adds “says” before “our redeemer.” אָמַר (’amar) may have accidentally dropped from the text by virtual haplography. Note that the preceding word אָדָם (’adam) is graphically similar.

[47:4]  sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[54:5]  ²³ tn Or “redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[54:5]  ²⁴ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[4:10]  ²⁵ tn Or perhaps “scream”; NRSV, TEV, NLT “groan.”

[4:10]  ²⁶ tn Or “redeem” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[4:10]  ²⁷ tn Heb “hand.” The Hebrew idiom is a metonymy for power or control.

[18:8]  ²⁸ tn Grk “For this reason, her plagues will come.”

[18:8]  ²⁹ tn Grk “death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).

[18:8]  ³⁰ tn This is the same Greek word (πένθος, penqo") translated “grief” in vv. 7-8.

[18:8]  ³¹ tn Here “burned down” was used to translate κατακαυθήσεται (katakauqhsetai) because a city is in view.